大学物理实验 作者：王丽香，吕春 主编 出版时间：2015年版 内容简介 《大学物理实验》是根据国家教育部《高等工业学校物理实验课程教学基本要求》，充分借鉴国外英文原版物理实验教材的编写风格，并结合国内高校物理实验教学的实际情况及在北京工业大学所进行的普通物理实验双语教学实践，经过多次修改编写而成的教材。 《大学物理实验》的绪论部分介绍了实验误差和不确定度的概念，以及实验数据处理方法；常规实验部分包括38个力学、热学、电磁学、光学和综合性实验；另外还有23个设计性实验项目和12个PASCO实验项目；附录部分包括常用物理学常数和SI单位制简介等。 本教材适用于高校理工科物理专业学生的物理实验双语课程。 目录 INTRODUCTION 0.1 General Laboratory Instructions 0.1.1 Purpose of the Physics Laboratory 0.1.2 Instructions 0.1.3 Lab Logbooks 0.1.4 The Report 0. 2 Measurements and Uncertainty 0. 2.1 Types of Measurements O. 2.2 True Value and Error 0. 2.3 Systematic and Random Errors 0. 2.4 Precision,Accuracy and Reliability O. 2.5 The Gaussian( or Normal) Distribution 0. 2.6 Uncertainty of the Measurement 0. 2.7 Propagation of Uncertainty 0. 3 Significant Figures O. 3.1 What Is a Significant Figure? O. 3.2 Arithmetic with Significant Figures 0. 3.3 Rounding 0. 3.4 Scientific Notation 0. 4 Data Analysis O. 4.1 Tables 0. 4.2 Graphs 0.4.3 The Method of Difference 0. 4.4 The Method of Least Squares 0. 4.5 Data Analysis Using Microsoft Excel 0. 5 Problems UNIT 1 MECHANICAL AND THERMODYNAMICAL EXPERIMENTS 1.1 Measurement of Length 1.2 Measurement of Mass and Density 1.3 Determination of Rotational Inertia Using Cone Pulley Apparatus 1.4 Determination of Rotational Inertia Using Torsion Pendulum 1.5 Young's Modulus 1.6 A Study of Vibrating Strings 1.7 Newton's Second Law on the Air Track 1.8 Conservation of Momentum on the Air Track 1.9 Three-Line Pendulum 1.10 Measurement of the Ratio of Specific Heats for Gases 1.11 Measurement of Fluid Viscosity Using a Falling Ball Viscosimeter 1.12 Measurement of Coefficient of Surface Tension with the Ring Tensiometer UNIT 2 ELECTROMAGNETISM EXPERIMENTS 2.0 Use of Common Electric Laboratory Instruments 2.0.1 The Voltmeter 2.0.2 The Ammeter 2.0.3 The Ohmmeter 2.0.4 The Galvanometer 2.0.5 Variable Resistors 2.0.6 The Inductor 2.0.7 Decade Capacitance Box 2.0.8 Resistor Color Codes 2.0.9 The Power Supply 2.0.10 The Standard Cell 2.0.11 Multimeter 2.0.12 The Signal Generator 2.0.13 Cathode Ray Oscilloscope(CRO) 2.0.14 Electronic Symbols 2.0.15 How to Wire a Circuit 2.1 Usage of Muhimeters 2.2 Measurement of Voltage-Current Characteristic of Electrical Component 2.3 Wheatstone Bridge 2.4 Measurement of the Low Resistance by Using Kelvin Double Bridge Method 2.5 Determination of the Temperature Coefficient of Resistance 2.6 The Potentiometer 2.7 Construction of an Ammeter and Voltmeter 2.8 PN Junction Forward Voltage Temperature Characteristic 2.9 Electrostatic Field Simulation 2.10 The Hall Effect 2.11 Magnetic Field of a Solenoid 2.12 The Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) 2.13 Investigation of Magnetic Fields by Search Coil 2.14 The Series RLC Circuit 2.15 Measurement of the Speed of Sound in Air 2.16 Hysteresis Loop for Ferromagnetic Materials 2.17 The Transfer of an Audio Signal by an Optical Fiber UNIT 3 OPTICAL EXPERIMENTS 3.1 Adjustment of the Spectrometer and Measurement of Prism Angle 3.2 Measuring the Refractive Index of a Solid 3.3 Newton's Rings 3.4 Fraunhofer Single Slit Diffraction 3.5 The Michelson Interferometer 3.6 Diffraction Grating 3.7 Polarization of Light 3.8 The Grating Spectrometer 3.9 Measuring the Sound Velocity in Liquid by Ultrasonic Grating UNIT 4 PROJECTS 4.0 Introduction to Physics Projects 4.1 Design of Resistance Thermometer 4.2 Measuring the Acceleration due to Gravity on Earth 4.3 A Study of Vibration on Strings 4.4 Measuring the Viscosity of Liquid at Different Temperatures 4.5 Measurement of the Voltage-Current Characteristic of a Diode by Potentiometer 4.6 Determination of the Temperature Coefficient of Resistance by Potentiometer 4.7 To Find the Emf and the Internal Resistance of a Dry Cell 4.8 To Find the Maximum Power Transfer from Source to Load 4.9 Measurement of the Current in a Circuit by Using Compensation Method 4.10 Verification of Kirchhoff's Laws 4. 11 Make Your Own Multimeter 4.12 Measuring the Speed of Sound in Pure Water 4.13 Study of Phase Difference Between Vohage and Current in Series RC and LR Circuit 4.14 Study of Resonance in Parallel RLC Circuits 4.15 To Study the Power Output of Solar Cells 4.16 Measurement of the Apex Angle of a Prism 4.17 Measuring the Refractive Index of a Prism 4.18 Measuring the Refractive Index of Liquids 4.19 Measuring the Dispersion Curve of a Prism 4.20 Measuring Wavelengths of Mercury Spectral Lines 4.21 Compare the Spacing Between the Tracks on a CD and a DVD 4. 22 The Optical Rotation of Sugar Solutions 4. 23 Construction of Telescopes and Microscopes UNIT 5 PASCO EXPERIMENTS 5.1 Rotational Inertia 5.2 Driven Damped Harmonic Oscillations 5.3 Chaos 5.4 LRC Circuit 5.5 Magnetic Forces on Wires 5.6 Magnetic Fields of Coils 5.7 Earth's Magnetic Field 5.8 Atomic Spectra 5.9 Brewster's Angle 5.10 Photoelectric Effect 5.11 Blackbody Radiation 5.12 Cavity Radiation APPENDIX Table A. 1 Values of some fundamental physical constants( MKS units) Table A. 2 Fundamental SI units Table A. 3 Some derived SI units used in physics Table A. 4 Tables of conversions Table A. 5 The SI prefixes Table A. 6 The Greek alphabet Table A. 7 The acceleration of gravity on the surface of the Earth at sea level Table A. 8 The acceleration of gravity at various altitudes on Earth Table A. 9 Young's Modulus for metals and alloys (20℃) Table A. 10 Density values for selected materials at 20℃ Table A. 11 Coefficients of viscosity of various fluid Table A. 12 Experimental surface tension values Table A. 13 Density values for water at different temperatures( 1 atm) Table A. 14 The speed of sound Table A. 15 Some coefficients of linear thermal expansion Table A. 16 Thermal conductivities for selected materials Table A. 17 Some properties of dielectrics Table A. 18 Resistivities of some materials at room temperature (20℃) Table A. 19 Some indexes of refraction Table A. 20 Wavelength of spectral lines for common used light source Table A. 21 Mathematical symbols used in the text and their meaning Table A. 22 Derivatives of common functions REFERENCE
