固体中的扩散 英文影印版 作者：（德）梅尔 著 出版时间： 2014年版 内容简介 扩散一及二定律及其在各种条件下的解反映了原子扩散的宏观规律，这些规律为解决许多与扩散有关的实际问题奠定了基础。在扩散定律中，扩散系数是衡量原子扩散能力的非常重要的参数，到目前为止它还是一个未知数。为了求出扩散系数，首先要建立扩散系数与扩散的其他宏观量和微观量之间的联系，这是扩散理论的重要内容。事实上，宏观扩散现象是微观中大量原子的无规则跳动的统计结果。从原子的微观跳动出发，研究扩散的原子理论、扩散的微观机制以及微观理论与宏观现象之间的联系是本节的主要内容。 目录 History and Bibliography of Diffusion 1.1 Pioneers and Landmarks of Diffusion References 1.2 Bibliography of Solid-State Diffusion Part I Fundamentals of Diffusion Continuum Theory of Diffusion 2.1 Fick's Laws in Isotropic Media 2.1.1 Fick's First Law 2.1.2 Equation of Continuity 2.1.3 Fick's Second Law - the 'Diffusion Equation' 2.2 Diffusion Equation in Various Coordinates 2.3 Fick's Laws in Anisotropic Media References Solutions of the Diffusion Equation 3.1 Steady-State Diffusion 3.2 Non-Steady-State Diffusion in one Dimension 3.2.1 Thin-Film Solution 3.2.2 Extended Initial Distribution and Constant Surface Concentration 3.2.3 Method of Laplace Transformation 3.2.4 Diffusion in a Plane Sheet - Separation of Variables 3.2.5 Radial Diffusion in a Cylinder 3.2.6 Radial Diffusion in a Sphere 3.3 Point Source in one, two, and three Dimensions References 4 Random Walk Theory and Atomic Jump Process 4.1 Random Walk and Diffusion 4.1.1 A Simplified Model 4.1.2 Einstein-Smoluchowski Relation 4.1.3 Random Walk on a Lattice 4.1.4 Correlation Factor 4.2 Atomic Jump Process References Point Defects in Crystals 5.1 Pure Metals 5.1.1 Vacancies 5.1.2 Divacancies 5.1.3 Determination of Vacancy Properties 5.1.4 Self-Interstitials 5.2 Substitutional Binary Alloys. 5.2.1 Vacancies in Dilute Alloys 5.2.2 Vacancies in Concentrated Alloys 5.3 Ionic Compounds 5.3.1 Frenkel Disorder 5.3.2 Schottky Disorder 5.4 Intermetallics 5.5 Semiconductors References 6 Diffusion Mechanisms 6.1 Interstitial Mechanism 6.2 Collective Mechanisms 6.3 Vacancy Mechanism 6.4 Divacancy Mechanism 6.5 Interstitialcy Mechanism 6.6 Interstitial-substitutional Exchange Mechanisms References Correlation in Solid-State Diffusion 7.1 Interstitial Mechanism 7.2 Interstitialcy Mechanism 7.3 Vacancy Mechanism of Self-diffusion 7.3.1 A 'Rule of Thumb' 7.3.2 Vacancy-tracer Encounters 7.3.3 Spatial and Temporal Correlation 7.3.4 Calculation of Correlation Factors 7.4 Correlation Factors of Self-diffusion 7.5 Vacancy-mediated Solute Diffusion 7.5.1 Face-Centered Cubic Solvents 7.5.2 Body-Centered Cubic Solvents 7.5.3 Diamond Structure Solvents 7.6 Concluding Remarks References …… PartⅡ Experimental Methods PartⅢ Diffusion in Metallic Materials PartⅣ Diffusion in Semiconductors PartⅤ Diffusion and Conduction in Ionic Materials PartⅥ Diffusion in Glasses PartⅦ Diffusion along High-Diffusivity Paths and in Nanomaterials Index
