固体物理学现代教程 英文版 作者：韩福祥 编著 出版时间：2010年版 丛编项： A Modern Course in Solid State Physics 内容简介 Solid State Physics is the study of the state of solids. Its development is accompanied by the development of modern science and technology. It contains many fundamental concepts that are essential to a great number of branches of science， including those within as well as those outside physics. An exhausted list of these branches is intimidating. Here we just name a few： Condensed matter physics， material science， semiconductor physics， laser physics， spin-tronics， physical optics， electric engineering， and electronic engineering. In solids， there exist a variety of particles （including quasiparticles and elementary excitations） and interactions among them. These particles and interactions determine the potential applications of various solids. For example， the peculiar band structure of electrons in semiconductors lead to transis-tors that are the heart of everything electronic; the electron-photon interactions lead to laser diodes， photodiodes， and CCDs （coupled charge diodes）; the electron-phonon interactions lead to piezoelectric materials; the electron spin-charge interactions lead to spintronics and quantum computation; the macroscopic quantum phenomena of 'electrons in metallic solids lead to superconductivity， with the strong correlation of electrons leading to high temperature superconductivity. Thus， it can be said that Solid State Physics is the study of the prop-erties of various particles in solids and the interactions among these particles as well as the interactions of these particles with external fields. Electrons and nuclei （or valence electrons and ions） are the basic constituents of solids， with many other quasiparticles or elementary excitations arising due to the interactions among themselves or due to their interactions with external fields. 目录 1 drude theory of metals 1.1 drude model of a metal 1.2 basic assumptions in the drude theory 1.3 equation of motion 1.4 electrical conductivity of a metal 1.5 hall effect and magnetoresistance 1.6 thermal conductivity of a metal 1.7 inadequacies of the drude model problems 2 sommerfeld theory of metals 2.1 single-electron energy levels 2.2 ground state of the electron gas 2.3 finite-temperature properties of the electron gas 2.4 conductions in metals 2.5 inaccuracies of the sommerfeld theory problems 3 bravais lattice 3.1 definition of a bravais lattice 3.2 primitive vectors 3.3 primitive unit cell 3.4 wigner-seitz cell 3.5 conventional unit cell 3.6 lattice vectors 3.7 bravais lattices in two dimensions 3.8 bravais lattices in three dimensions 3.9 mathematical description of a bravais lattice problems 4 point groups 4.1 point symmetry operations 4.2 group 4.3 point groups for crystal structures problems 5 classification of bravais lattices 5.1 lattice centerings 5.2 criteria of classification of bravais lattices 5.3 seven crystal systems 5.4 crystallographic point groups 5.5 summary problems 6 space groups of crystal structures 6.1 nonsymmorphic symmetry operations 6.2 notation of a space group 6.3 symmorphic space groups 6.4 nonsymmorphic space groups 6.5 typical crystal structures problems 7 scattering of x-rays by a crystal 7.1 general description of x-ray scattering 7.2 scattering of x-rays by an atom 7.3 scattering of x-rays by a primitive cell 7.4 scattering of x-rays by a crystal problems 8 reciprocal lattice 8.1 derivation of the reciprocal lattice 8.2 reciprocal lattices of two-dimensional bravais lattices 8.3 reciprocal lattices of three-dimensional bravais lattices 8.4 brillouin zones 8.5 reciprocal lattice vectors and lattice planes 8.6 alternative definition of miller indices 8.7 interplanar distances in families of lattice planes problems 9 theories and experiments of x-ray diffraction 9.1 characteristic x-ray lines 9.2 bragg's theory of x-ray diffraction 9.3 von laue's theory of x-ray diffraction 9.4 equivalence of bragg's and von laue's theories 9.5 experimental methods of x-ray diffraction 9.6 diffraction by a polyatomic crystal with a basis problems 10 crystal structure by neutron diffraction 10.1 neutrons 10.2 elastic neutron scattering 10.3 powder diffraction 10.4 pair distribution function analysis 10.5 neutron and x-ray diffraction 10.6 rietveld profile refinement problems 11 bonding in solids 11.1 ionic bonds 11.2 covalent bonds 11.3 metallic bonds 11.4 van der waals bonds 11.5 hydrogen bonds 11.6 classificatiofi of crystalline solids problems 12 cohesion of solids 12.1 definition of energies of cohesion 12.2 cohesive energies of molecular crystals 12.3 lattice energies of ionic crystals 12.4 cohesive er/ergies of alkali metals problems 13 normal modes of lattice vibrations 13.1 born-oppenheimer approximation 13.2 lattice potential energy and harmonic approximation 13.3 normal modes of a one-dimensional crystal 13.4 normal modes of a one-dimensional ionic crystal 13.5 normal modes of a 3d monatomic crystal 13.6 normal modes of a 3d crystal with a basis problems 14 quantum theory of lattice vibrations 14.1 classical theory of the lattice specific heat 14.2 quantization of lattice vibrations 14.3 phonon density of states 14.4 lattice specific heat of solids 14.5 debye model 14.6 einstein model 14.7 effect of thermal expansion on phonon frequencies 14.8 specific heat of a metal problems 15 inelastic neutron scattering by phonons 15.1 experimental techniques 15.2 description of neutron scattering 15.3 double differential cross-section 15.4 elastic scattering 15.5 inelastic scattering 15.6 phonon dispersion relations in tetragonal lacu204 problems 16 origin of electronic energy bands 16.1 bloch's theorem 16.2 periodic 5-potentials 16.3 schemes for displaying electronic band structure 16.4 free-electron band structures 16.5 fermi surface 16.6 density of states in an energy band 16.7 electronic band structures of real solids 16.8 group velocity of an electron in an energy band problems 17 electrons in a weak periodic potential 17.1 one-dimensional w'eak periodic potential 17.2 three-dimensional weak periodic potential problems 18 methods for band structure computations 18.1 fundamental problem in an electronic energy band theory 18.2 hartree-fock method 18.3 plane-wave method 18.4 k•p method 18.5 augmented-plane-wave method 18.6 linearized-augmented-plane-wave method 18.7 linear-muffin-tin-orbitals method 18.8 kkr method 18.9 orthogonalized-plane-wave method 18.10 tight-binding method problems 19 dynamics of bloch electrons in electric fields 19.1 velocity of an electron in a single-electron state 19.2 semiclassical equation of motion 19.3 current density 19.4 holes 19.5 bloch oscillations 19.6 wannier-bloch and wannier-stark states problems 20 fundamentals of semiconductors 20.1 classification of semiconductors 20.2 electronic band structures of semiconductors 20.3 intrinsic semiconductors 20.4 hnpurity states 20.5 semiconductor statistics 20.6 electrical conductivity and mobility 20.7 excitons 20.8 carrier diffusion problems index physical constants mathematical constants and formulas
