中国科学院教材建设专家委员会规划教材 基础化学 英文改编版 作者： (美）雷蒙德常（Raymond Chang)等主编，张欣荣改编 出版时间：2020年版 丛编项： 中国科学院教材建设专家委员会规划教材 内容简介 ◆ We begin with a brief introduction to the study of chemistry and describe its role in our modern society. （1.1 and 1.2） ◆ Next， we learn the basic SI units and use the SIderived units for quantities like volume and density. （1.3） ◆ We become familiar with the significant figures. In calculations or measurements， every quantity must show the proper number of significant figures， which are the meaningful digits.◆ We study the four major types of concentration units—percent by mass， mole fraction， molarity， and their interconversions. 目录 CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction 1 CHAPTER OUTLINE 1 A LOOK AHEAD 1 1.1 Chemistry: A Science for the Twenty-First Century 1 1.2 The Study of Chemistry 1 1.3 SI Units 2 1.4 Significant Figures 3 1.5 Concentration Units of Solution 5 CHEMISTRY in Action 8 Questions & Problems 9 Chapter 2 Colligative Properties of Solutions 10 CHAPTER OUTLINE 10 A LOOK AHEAD 10 2.1 Colligative Properties of Nonelectrolyte Solutions 10 2.2 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions 17 CHEMISTRY in Action 18 Questions & Problems 20 Chapter 3 Acids and Bases 24 CHAPTER OUTLINE 24 A LOOK AHEAD 24 3.1 Br？nsted Acids and Bases 24 3.2 The Acid-Base Properties of Water 25 3.3 pH-A Measure of Acidity 26 3.4 Strength of Acids and Bases 28 3.5 Weak Acids and Acid Ionization Constants 30 3.6 Weak Bases and Base Ionization Constants 33 3.7 Diprotic and Polyprotic Acids 35 3.8 Acid-Base Properties of Salts 37 3.9 Lewis Acids and Bases 40 CHEMISTRY in Action 41 Questions & Problems 43 Chapter 4 Buffer Solution and Solubility Equilibria 47 CHAPTER OUTLINE 47 A LOOK AHEAD 47 4.1 The Common Ion Effect 47 4.2 Definition and Composition of Buffer Solution 47 4.3 The Calculations of the pH of Buffer Solutions 48 4.4 Preparing of Buffer Solution with a Specific pH 49 4.5 Solubility Equilibria 50 4.6 Separation of Ions by Fractional Precipitation 54 4.7 The Common Ion Effect and Solubility 55 4.8 pH and Solubility 55 CHEMISTRY in Action 57 Questions & Problems 59 Chapter 5 Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry 61 CHAPTER OUTLINE 61 A LOOK AHEAD 61 5.1 Basic Definition 61 5.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics 63 5.3 Enthalpy of Chemical Reaction 65 5.4 Standard Enthalpy Changes of Reaction 67 5.5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 70 5.6 Gibbs Free Energy 75 5.7 Thermodynamics in Living System 77 CHEMISTRY in Action 79 Questions and Problems 81 Appendix Thermodynamic Data at 1 atm and 25℃ 83 Chapter 6 Chemical Kinetics 87 CHAPTER OUTLINE 87 A LOOK AHEAD 87 6.1 The Rate of a Reaction 87 6.2 The Rate Law 88 6.3 The Relation Between Reactant Concentration and Time 91 6.4 Reaction Rate Theory 95 6.5 Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants—The Arrhenius Equation 97 6.6 Catalysis 99 CHEMISTRY in Action 101 Questions & Problems 103 Chapter 7 Chemical Equilibrium 107 CHAPTER OUTLINE 107 A LOOK AHEAD 107 7.1 The Concept of Equilibrium and the Equilibrium Constant 107 7.2 Writing Equilibrium Constant Expressions 109 7.3 The Relationship Between Chemical Kinetics and Chemical Equilibrium 115 7.4 Applications of Equilibrium Constant 115 7.5 Factors That Affect Chemical Equilibrium 119 CHEMISTRY in Action 123 Questions & Problems 125 Chapter 8 Electrochemistry 129 CHAPTER OUTLINE 129 A LOOK AHEAD 129 8.1 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 129 8.2 Galvanic Cells 134 8.3 Standard Reduction Potentials 136 8.4 Thermodynamics of Redox Reactions 139 8.5 The Effect of Concentration on Cell Emf 141 CHEMISTRY in Action 143 Questions & Problems 146 Chapter 9 Structure of Atoms and Periodic Relationships Among the Elements 149 CHAPTER OUTLINE 149 A LOOK AHEAD 149 9.1 From Classical Physics to Quantum Theory 149 9.2 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom 152 9.3 Dual Nature of the Electron 154 9.4 Quantum Mechanics 155 9.5 Quantum Number 157 9.6 Atomic Orbitals and Their Energies 159 9.7 Electron Configuration 162 9.8 The Periodic Table and Classification of the Elements 168 9.9 Periodic Variation in Element Properties 170 CHEMISTRY in Action 180 Questions & Problems 183 Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding and Intermolecular Forces 187 CHAPTER OUTLINE 187 A LOOK AHEAD 187 10.1 Valence Bond Theory 187 10.2 Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals 194 10.3 Hybridization in Molecules Containing Multiple Bonds 199 10.4 Molecular Orbital Theory 202 10.5 Intermolecular Forces 209 CHEMISTRY in Action 213 Questions & Problems 216 Chapter 11 Coordination Compounds 219 CHAPTER OUTLINE 219 A LOOK AHEAD 219 11.1 Overview of Coordination Compounds 219 11.2 Structure of Coordination Compounds 222 11.3 Bonding in Coordination Compounds: Crystal Field Theory 224 11.4 Reactions of Coordination Compounds 228 11.5 Applications of Coordination Compounds 230 CHEMISTRY in Action 231 Questions & Problems 232 Chapter 12 Titrimetric Methods of Analysis 235 CHAPTER OUTLINE 235 A LOOK AHEAD 235 12.1 Uncertainty in Measurement 235 12.2 Overview of Titrimetry 236 12.3 Acid-Base Titrations 237 12.4 Oxidation-Reduction Titration 242 12.5 Complexometric Titration 243 CHEMISTRY in Action 244 Questions & Problems 246 Chapter 13 Nuclear Chemistry 249 CHAPTER OUTLINE 249 A LOOK AHEAD 249 13.1
