泌尿系统 第二版 英文版 作者: (澳)福尔德 等主编 出版时间:2011年版 丛编项: "以器官系统为中心"原版英文教材 内容简介 “以器官系统为中心”的医学教学模式是国际医学教育的趋势。本系列书是世界著名医药卫生出版集团爱思唯尔公司出版的一套“以器官系统为中心”的医学基础课程教材。该套教材第1版出版后受到世界各地许多医学院校的欢迎,并被多家进行“以器官系统为中心”教学的医学院校选定为教材。第2版根据第1版出版后教师和学生的反馈意见,结合医学知识的更新进行了全新修订。在编写内容上,该系列教材强调基础与临床的整合。每一章节都是围绕着一个临床病例展开,通过对病人问题的呈现以及解决过程引出对相关知识的探究,从而使与器官系统结构、功能以及疾病相关的重要的基础医学知识得到了完善的整合。在版式安排上,图框中的病例资料与正文中的医学知识完美匹配,一步一步地激起读者的求知欲望。本册为《泌尿系统》。 目 录 1 URINARY TRACT STRUCTURE AND INFECTION Introduction Normal anatomy of the urinary tract Structure of the kidney Innervation of the urinary tract Embryology of the kidney and urinary tract Infection of the urinary tract Aetiology and pathogenesis of urinary tract infection Investigation of urinary tract infection Imaging of the urinary tract Vesicoureteric reflux Overview: treatment of urinary tract infections 2 BODY FLUIDS, NEPHRON FUNCTION AND DIURETICS Introduction Body fluid and electrolyte distribution Functional anatomy of the nephron Sodium transport Regulation of sodium transport Potassium transport Pharmacology of diuretic agents Principles of fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy 3 WATER BALANCE AND REGULATION OF OSMOLALITY Introduction Causes and assessment of polyuria Renal mechanisms for urine concentration Feedback control of plasma osmolality Failure to concentrate the urine Failure to dilute the urine 4 ACID-BASE BALANCE AND REGULATION OF pH Introduction Role of the kidney in H balance Disturbances of acid-base balance: acidosis Disturbances of acid-base balance: alkalosis Summary of findings in principal acid-base disturbances 5 GLOMERULAR FILTRATION AND ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY Introduction Renal blood flow Glomerular filtration Autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate Renal excretion and the clearance formula Measuring the glomerular filtration rate Urea Pathophysiology of oliguria Causes of acute kidney injury Acute tubular necrosis Overview: assessment and management of a patient with acute kidney injury Biochemical changes in acute kidney injury Complications of acute kidney injury Management of acute kidney injury 6 PROTEINURIA AND THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Introduction Pathophysiology of oedema formation Glomerular anatomy and the filtration barrier Normal and abnormal proteinuria Nephrotic syndrome Natural history and response to treatment 7 GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AND THE ACUTE NEPHRITIC SYNDROME Introduction Urinary sediment examination Presentation and consequences of glomerular disease Investigation of glomerulonephritis Differential diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis Pathogenesis of acute glomerulonephritis Outcome of glomerulonephritis Clinicopathological correlations in glomerulonephritis 8 DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE Introduction Presentation of chronic kidney disease Stages of chronic kidney disease Causes of chronic kidney disease _ Pathology of diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease Main consequences of chronic kidney disease Progression of chronic kidney disease Principles of treatment 9 END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE AND REPLACEMENT OF RENAL FUNCTION Introduction Replacement of kidney function Principles and modes of dialysis Principles and modes of transplantation Conservative therapy for advanced chronic kidney disease 10 HYPERTENSION AND THE KIDNEY Introduction Determinants of normal blood pressure and role of the kidney Pathogenesis of essential hypertension The pathology of hypertension Principles in the management of hypertension Secondary hypertension 11 PREGNANCY AND THE KIDNEY Introduction Structural changes in the urinary tract during pregnancy Urinary tract infection in pregnancy Renal physiology changes in pregnancy Blood pressure and pregnancy Hypertension in pregnancy Management of hypertension in pregnancy Follow-up of patients with hypertension in pregnancy Pregnancy in patients with pre-existing kidney disease 12 URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION AND STONES Introduction Differential diagnosis of loin pain and haematuria Imaging of the urinary tract Pathophysiology of urinary tract obstruction Renal calculi Principles of treatment 13 RENAL MASSES AND URINARY TRACT TUMOURS Introduction Differential diagnosis of a renal mass Renal cell carcinoma Differential diagnosis of microscopic haematuria Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder Other urinary tract tumours 14 DRUGS AND THE KIDNEY Introduction PART A Effect of renal impairment on drug excretion Altered pharmacokinetics in renal disease Drug dosing in renal failure PART B Renal impairment induced by drugs Renal actions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Mechanisms of nephrotoxicity Important causes of nephrotoxicity Appendix: normal ranges Glossary Index