佳能77D单反摄影宝典 相机设置+拍摄技法+场景实战+后期处理 作者:于众 著 出版时间:2017年版内容简介 本书是专门为佳能77D用户编写的一本相机使用与实拍宝典,并针对数码照片的后期处理进行了详尽的讲解,提供从相机设置到拍摄技法,从场景实战到后期处理的“一站式”全流程摄影指导。本书还附赠超值DVD光盘,收录了相机设置、构图理论知识、场景实战拍摄技法、摄影理论知识讲解、Photoshop CC后期处理、数码照片修饰处理等十余类视频学习资源,视频讲解总时长超过20小时。本书适合佳能77D相机用户和准备购买佳能77D相机的摄影爱好者参考阅读。目录Chapter01了解CanonEOS77D机身结构1.1CanonEOS77D相机正面结构.........................161.2CanonEOS77D相机顶部结构.........................171.3CanonEOS77D相机背面结构.........................181.4CanonEOS77D相机侧面结构.........................201.5CanonEOS77D相机底部结构.........................201.6CanonEOS77D相机光学取景器.....................211.7CanonEOS77D相机速控屏幕.........................22Chapter02初步设置相机参数2.1设置照片存储类型、尺寸与画质.....................24设置照片存储类型.......................................................24使用RAW格式拍摄的优点..........................................24如何处理RAW格式文件..............................................24设置合适的分辨率为后期处理做准备.......................25设置照片画质...............................................................262.2设置播放照片的相关参数.................................27图像确认时间...............................................................27掌握播放、浏览、显示照片的操作...........................28图像跳转.......................................................................282.3其他基础参数设置选项.....................................29时间与日期...................................................................29选择文件夹...................................................................29照片自动旋转功能.......................................................30分析照片整体曝光情况...............................................312.4对照片进行操作.................................................32保护照片.......................................................................32旋转照片.......................................................................33为照片评级评分...........................................................33Chapter03认识曝光要素——光圈3.1认识光圈及光圈优先曝光模式(Av)............35光圈的概念...................................................................35不同光圈值下镜头通光口径的变化...........................35光圈的表示方法...........................................................36F值与镜头通光口径的关系.........................................36画质最佳光圈...............................................................36画质最差光圈...............................................................37理解可用最大光圈.......................................................37光圈优先曝光模式(Av)..........................................383.2不同大小的光圈在实拍中的应用.....................39用大光圈提高快门速度...............................................39用大光圈分离背景与主体...........................................39用小光圈表现大景深画面...........................................40用小光圈拍摄出灯光的璀璨星芒...............................40Chapter04认识曝光要素——快门速度4.1认识快门及快门优先曝光模式(Tv)............42快门的概念...................................................................42快门速度的表示方法...................................................42快门优先曝光模式(Tv)..........................................424.2快门速度对照片的影响.....................................43明亮与暗淡...................................................................43动感与静止...................................................................444.3拍摄运动对象时影响快门速度的4个因素.......45速度...............................................................................45方向...............................................................................45距离...............................................................................45焦距...............................................................................454.4不同快门速度在实拍中的应用.........................46用高速快门定格决定性瞬间.......................................46用低速快门记录景物运动轨迹...................................46用低速快门实现爆炸变焦摄影效果...........................47用低速快门跟随拍摄运动对象...................................48用低速快门实现创意光绘画面效果...........................494.5悬念——让动态照片更吸引人的技巧.............504.6使用B门曝光模式控制快门速度......................514.7与快门有关的菜单设置.....................................52B门定时器....................................................................52未装存储卡释放快门...................................................52长时间曝光降噪...........................................................53反光镜预升...................................................................544.8设置“快门驱动”方式以拍摄运动或静止对象.........................................................55单拍模式.......................................................................55连拍模式.......................................................................56自拍模式.......................................................................57Chapter05认识曝光要素——感光度5.1认识感光度.........................................................59感光度的概念...............................................................59CanonEOS77D的感光度范围....................................59高低感光度的优缺点分析...........................................605.2感光度的设置原则.............................................61根据光照条件来区分...................................................61根据所拍摄的对象来区分...........................................61总体原则.......................................................................615.3不同感光度在实拍中的应用.............................62用高感光度提高快门速度拍摄运动中的动物...........62用低感光度得到较慢的快门速度拍摄流水...............625.4与感光度有关的菜单设置.................................63高ISO感光度降噪功能................................................63光线多变的情况下灵活使用自动感光度功能...........64Chapter06准确测光6.1认识测光.............................................................666.218%灰度测光原理.............................................666.3利用灰卡进行准确测光.....................................666.4测光系统的缺陷.................................................676.5测光的关键性步骤.............................................68选择测光模式...............................................................68确定测光位置...............................................................686.64种测光模式及各自适合拍摄的题材...............69评价测光..................................................................69中央重点平均测光.................................................70局部测光..................................................................71点测光......................................................................71Chapter07玩转曝光补偿7.1需要进行曝光补偿的两种情况.........................73纠正由于相机缺陷出现的曝光偏差...........................73获得个性化曝光效果...................................................737.2设置曝光补偿.....................................................747.3正确理解曝光补偿.............................................75Av挡下曝光补偿对快门速度的影响..........................75Tv挡下曝光补偿对光圈大小的影响..........................757.4曝光补偿的设置原则——白加黑减.................767.5曝光补偿在实拍中的典型应用.........................77增加曝光补偿拍出白皙皮肤的人像...........................77增加曝光补偿还原曝光正确的雪景...........................77减少曝光补偿使画面色彩更浓郁...............................78减少曝光补偿拍摄出背景深暗简洁的画面...............78利用减少曝光补偿强调剪影效果...............................797.6掌握无需补偿曝光的全手动曝光模式(M).....................................80全手动曝光模式(M)的优点...................................80判断曝光状况的方法...................................................81Chapter08掌握对焦秘籍8.1了解对焦.............................................................83认识对焦.......................................................................83对焦点与照片清晰区域之间的关系...........................83不适于充当对焦点的对象...........................................84对焦与照片的清晰度...................................................84重构图与失焦...............................................................85最近对焦距离...............................................................858.2认识CanonEOS77D的对焦系统......................86理解对焦点...................................................................86了解CanonEOS77D的对焦点....................................86了解十字及双十字对焦点...........................................87了解f/2.8、f/4及f/5.6各级别对焦点的意义...............878.3必须掌握的对焦模式.........................................88单次自动对焦(ONESHOT)..................................88人工智能伺服自动对焦(AISERVO).....................89人工智能自动对焦(AIFOCUS).............................898.4灵活运用自动对焦区域选择模式.....................90自动对焦区域选择方法...............................................90自动选择自动对焦.......................................................90手动选择:区域自动对焦...........................................91手动选择:大区域自动对焦.......................................91手动选择:单点自动对焦...........................................918.5手动选择对焦点/对焦区域的方法...................928.6与对焦设置有关的菜单.....................................93提示音...........................................................................93利用自动对焦辅助光辅助对焦...................................93自动对焦点自动选择:色彩跟踪...............................948.78种应该使用手动对焦的情况...........................958.8常见拍摄题材的正确对焦位置............................96Chapter09拓展CanonEOS77D拍摄实力的镜头9.1了解关于镜头的一些概念.................................98佳能镜头参数详解.......................................................98定焦镜头与变焦镜头...................................................99恒定光圈镜头与浮动光圈镜头...................................99镜头的防抖功能.........................................................1009.2什么是镜头的MTF图......................................101看懂镜头的MTF图.....................................................101镜头MTF图的意义.....................................................1019.3广角镜头的概念及运用技巧...........................102广角镜头的焦距范围.................................................102与CanonEOS77D搭配使用的广角镜头..................102利用广角镜头拍出气势磅礴的风光.........................103利用广角镜头拉长模特的身材.................................103利用广角镜头增强建筑物的视觉冲击力.................1049.4标准镜头的概念及运用技巧...........................104标准镜头的焦距范围.................................................104与CanonEOS77D搭配使用的标准镜头..................105利用标准镜头拍出平实、自然的人像.....................107利用标准镜头拍摄真实的静物.................................1079.5长焦镜头的概念及运用技巧...........................108长焦镜头的焦距范围.................................................108与CanonEOS77D搭配使用的长焦镜头..................108利用长焦镜头远距离拍摄动物.................................110利用长焦镜头远距离拍摄儿童.................................110利用长焦镜头在画面中表现出较大的太阳.............111利用长焦镜头表现精美的建筑细节.........................111利用长焦镜头拍摄舞台、体育赛事、人文纪实场景.............................................................112利用长焦镜头拍摄远处枝头上的小鸟.....................1129.6微距镜头的拍摄效果及运用技巧...................113微距镜头的焦距范围.................................................113与CanonEOS77D搭配使用的微距镜头..................1139.7选购镜头时的基本原则...................................114Chapter10取景与构图10.1摄影构图的基本原则.....................................116简洁.........................................................................116均衡..........................................................................11610.2主体与陪体的基本概念.................................117主体..........................................................................117陪体..........................................................................11710.3突出表现主体的4种方法...............................118通过动静对比突出主体..........................................118通过虚实对比突出主体..........................................118通过明暗对比突出主体..........................................119通过大小对比突出主体..........................................11910.4构图中的环境.................................................12010.5前景在画面中的5大作用...............................120利用前景辅助说明画面..........................................120利用前景美化画面..................................................120利用前景辅助构图..................................................121利用前景增加画面的空间透视感..........................121利用前景丰富画面的层次......................................12110.6构图中常用的3种视角...................................122平视拍摄表现自然的画面......................................122仰视夸张表现主体..................................................122俯视突出画面的空间感..........................................12210.710种常用构图法则.........................................123用黄金分割法构图突出主体..................................123用水平线构图拍摄出具有安定感的画面..............124用垂直线构图表现树木或建筑..............................125用S形曲线构图表现婀娜婉转的主体....................125用斜线构图增强画面的延伸感..............................126用三角形构图增强画面的稳定感..........................126用透视牵引构图有效引导观者视线......................127用散点式构图使画面有较强的韵律感..................127用对称式构图使画面具有较强的均衡感..............128用框架式构图表现另有洞天的感觉......................12810.8利用构图元素——点、线美化画面.............129摄影构图中的点......................................................129用线条使画面具有情绪与美感..............................1303种提炼线条的方法................................................131利用线条形成视觉流程..........................................132Chapter11深入理解构图11.1拍摄之前“预见”画面效果.........................13411.2以简化思维辅助构图.....................................13511.3利用加减法进行构图.....................................136以减法原则进行构图..............................................136以加法原则进行构图..............................................13711.4利用留白进行构图.........................................138利用留白为画面营造意境......................................138利用留白延伸画面的空间感..................................138利用留白形成运动空间..........................................139控制留白区域的比例..............................................13911.5以更巧妙的方式寻找恰当的拍摄视角.........14011.6通过构图使画面疏密有致.............................14111.7利用图案进行构图.........................................14111.8通过构图使画面富有节奏感.........................14211.9突破构图法则的束缚.....................................142Chapter12光线、色彩与白平衡的运用12.1光线的性质.....................................................144直射光......................................................................144散射光......................................................................14412.2常见的光线方向.............................................145顺光使景物受光均匀..............................................145侧光使景物明暗对比鲜明......................................146前侧光使景物明暗分配协调..................................147侧逆光使景物有较强立体感..................................147逆光使景物呈现简洁的轮廓..................................148顶光使画面反差强烈..............................................14912.3光线与影调.....................................................150高调..........................................................................150中间调......................................................................151低调..........................................................................15212.4光线与质感.....................................................153光线方向与质感......................................................153光线性质与质感......................................................15312.5光影互动的艺术.............................................154用阴影平衡画面......................................................154用阴影做减法..........................................................154用阴影增加形式感..................................................155用投影增加透视感..................................................155用剪影增加艺术魅力..............................................15512.6善用戏剧化的光线.........................................15612.7利用白平衡改变照片色调.............................157什么是白平衡..........................................................157自定义白平衡..........................................................15912.8与色彩有关的菜单设置.................................160色彩空间..................................................................160白平衡偏移/包围.....................................................161使用预设照片风格..................................................162Chapter13美女、儿童摄影技巧13.1拍摄直射光下的人像.....................................164选择合适的位置躲避强光......................................164控制高光..................................................................164使用反光板为逆光或侧逆光人像补光与制造遮阴处..........................................................165通过构图过滤掉灰白色的天空..............................166寻找逆光树叶..........................................................167让拍摄对象背对太阳..............................................16713.2拍出漂亮的眼神光.........................................16813.3人像摄影常见主题.........................................169邻家女孩..................................................................169花中精灵..................................................................169居家小资..................................................................170水边靓影..................................................................170性感泳装..................................................................171“白骨精”..............................................................17113.4拍摄天使宝贝.................................................172既快又多是基本原则..............................................172以齐眉高度平视拍摄..............................................172用合适的对焦模式确保画面的清晰度..................173表现孩子细腻、白皙的皮肤..................................173抓拍有趣的瞬间......................................................174善用道具与玩具......................................................174Chapter14风光摄影技巧14.1风光摄影理念与菜单设置.............................176利用人使风光画面更壮丽生动..............................176让具象的风景抽象起来..........................................176于平凡处发现美......................................................177拍摄一个有时间跨度的专题..................................177设置“清洁感应器”功能获得纯净画质..............178设置“自动关闭电源”选项以在低温下保持电量..................................................................17814.2山景的拍摄技巧.............................................179利用前景突出山景的秀美......................................179用逆光或侧逆光拍出山峦的线条美感..................179拍摄日照金山与银山的效果..................................180用V形强调山谷的险峻...........................................180用斜线强调山体的上升感......................................180用框形强调视觉焦点..............................................18014.3水景的拍摄技巧.............................................181利用高速快门凝固浪花..........................................181利用偏振镜拍出清澈透明的水面..........................181逆光表现波光粼粼的水面......................................182利用中长焦镜头展现溪流局部..............................18214.4太阳的拍摄技巧.............................................183找到拍摄太阳的最佳时机......................................183用白平衡渲染晚霞色彩..........................................183使用正确的曝光方法..............................................184通过构图平衡日出、日落画面的亮调与暗调......184利用生动陪体为画面增强灵动感..........................185将太阳拍出光芒万丈的感觉..................................18514.5云雾的拍摄技巧.............................................186拍摄雾气时使用曝光补偿的技巧..........................186用低速快门拍出流动的云彩..................................186寻找合适的天气拍摄云海......................................187利用留白使画面更有意境......................................18714.6花卉的拍摄技巧.............................................188逆光表现半透明花瓣的技巧..................................188利用小昆虫为花朵增添生机的技巧......................188利用水滴使花朵显得更娇艳..................................18914.7雪景的拍摄技巧.............................................189增加曝光补偿使积雪更洁白..................................189用侧光突出雪景的立体感......................................190调整白平衡拍出特殊色调的雪..............................19014.8树木的拍摄技巧.............................................191利用树林里的光影增强画面空间感......................191在冬季拍摄雾凇......................................................191表现穿透树林的放射光..........................................192用逆光拍出透明的树叶..........................................192用广角镜头仰视拍树冠..........................................192用长焦镜头拍局部特写..........................................192Chapter15动物的拍摄技巧15.1拍摄昆虫的技巧.............................................194利用实时显示功能拍摄微距昆虫..........................194把握接近昆虫的最佳时机......................................195找到合适的拍摄方法..............................................196逆光或侧逆光表现昆虫..........................................197突出表现昆虫的复眼..............................................19715.2拍摄鸟类的技巧.............................................198拍摄鸟类时宜采用连拍驱动模式.........................198采用人工智能伺服自动对焦拍摄飞行中的鸟儿..198以纯净蓝天为背景拍摄鸟儿..................................199选择合适的光线拍摄鸟儿......................................199以水面或草地为背景拍摄鸟儿..............................19915.3拍摄动物的技巧.............................................200抓住时机表现动物温情一面..................................200逆光下表现动物的金边毛发..................................200用特写拍摄动物的局部特征..................................201拍摄鱼的方法..........................................................201Chapter16城市建筑与夜景的拍摄技巧16.1拍摄建筑的技巧.............................................203逆光拍摄建筑物的剪影轮廓..................................203拍出极简风格几何画面..........................................203使照片出现窥视感..................................................204高感光度+高ISO感光度降噪功能拍摄建筑精美的内部......................................................204通过构图使画面具有韵律感..................................205拍摄地标性建筑......................................................205降低曝光补偿拍摄古建筑......................................206通过质感表现古建筑..............................................20616.2拍摄夜景的技巧.............................................207曝光技巧..................................................................207对焦技巧..................................................................207拍摄夜景的最佳时机..............................................208拍出漂亮的蓝调夜景..............................................208利用水面反射光拍摄夜景......................................209再现夜间里的奇幻星轨..........................................210拍摄川流不息的汽车形成的光轨..........................211在弱光下拍摄烟火的技巧......................................212Chapter17人像、风光摄影后期处理技巧17.1人像后期处理技巧.........................................214梦幻淡蓝色调..........................................................214清新甜美的阳光色调..............................................216时尚多彩色调..........................................................218温馨雅致的暖黄色调..............................................21917.2风光后期处理技巧.........................................221大气水岸日落效果..................................................221骄阳下的通透枫叶..................................................223魅力夕阳风景..........................................................225清新唯美的花树......................................................226唯美水景..................................................................228Chapter18CameraRaw后期处理技巧18.1通过改变色温与色调值打造金色落日效果.................................................23118.2通过调整对比度与色彩增强日落时画面的冷暖对比..................................................23318.3用渐变滤镜功能将曝光过度的天空改为淡蓝色.....................................................23518.4优化提亮暗部后产生的大量噪点.................237 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